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French Wedding Traditions Part 1: The Trousseau & Armoire de Mariage

A Family Affair: Planning Cole & Marissa’s Big Day

It’s summertime — and wedding season is back in full swing! This year feels extra special in our family because our son, Cole, is marrying his beautiful fiancée, Marissa, this November! While their wedding won’t take place in France, both the ceremony and the reception will be held in a very French setting — our store, Lolo French Antiques Très romantique, right?

 

We’re blending Southern hospitality with a splash of French flair, hoping Cole and Marissa’s big day will be packed with memories and traditions they’ll cherish forever. The French don’t take weddings lightly — they’re steeped in centuries of rituals and romance. And since I'm in the midst of planning I thought, pourquoi pas? Let’s dive into a series of posts exploring all those traditions — before, during, and after the “I do’s.” 

 

If you’re dreaming of a French wedding but can’t actually tie the knot in France, these little touches can bring a lot of joie de vivre (and maybe a little oh là là) to your own nuptials. And where does every good French wedding story begin? With the bride’s trousseau and her armoire de mariage.

 


From bundles of lace to hand-carved armoires, French brides have always stored love and linens in style.
 

What's in a Trousseau?

The tradition of bridal trousseaux originated in France hundreds of years ago. The word trousseau comes from the French word trousse, meaning “bundle” — a bundle of linens, clothing, and keepsakes a young bride would take with her into married life. Lingerie, opulent hand-embroidered sheets, treasured textiles, and even jewelry were just a few of the items a young French mademoiselle would carefully make or collect for her new home. A trousseau wasn’t just practical — it was a statement of a family’s status, wealth, and love, stitched into every hem and fold.

 


A peek into the ribbons, lace, and layers that made their way into a young bride’s trousseau. Every bow, bonnet, and bodice was stitched with status. French Costume Design Sketches including a Bouffant Skirt, Hat, and Bodice, ca. 1785-90, Metropolitan Museum of Art 
 

Catherine de Medici’s Dazzling Example

When fourteen-year-old Catherine de Medici arrived in Marseilles in 1533 to marry into the French royal family, her uncle, Pope Clement VII, spared no expense on her trousseau. Poor Catherine, considered an Italian commoner, she was not considered a beauty, so her uncle enlisted Isabella d’Este, an Italian trendsetter, to ensure her trousseau was befitting of her new status and impressed the snobbish French. Trunks overflowed with lace, linens, bed hangings, gowns, undergarments, silks, and even high-heeled shoes designed in Milan to make her look taller and more alluring (quelle scandale!). It’s said her sparkling gowns were embroidered with three pounds of gold and two pounds of silver, her sheets made of the finest silk. Her lingerie, which was considered as luxurious as her wedding gown, was made from the most delicate laces, gold, and silver cloth. With over 150 garments (and those infamous heels), Catherine’s trousseau was nothing short of spectacular — setting a royal standard that brides, noble or not, aspired to emulate.

 

She also brought dazzling jewels — earrings, bejeweled rings, necklaces, and golden belts — that enriched the French Crown’s collection. But it was those marvelous high-heeled shoes that stole the show, quickly becoming such a status symbol that commoners were banned from wearing them. The phrase “well-heeled” was born!

 

 

The Wedding of Catherine de Medici and Henri, Duke of Orléans, 1533 — painted by Jacopo Chimenti da Empoli. With a trousseau glittering in gold, jewels, and Milan-made high heels, Catherine made one very ‘well-heeled’ entrance into French royal life.

 

From Royalty to Reality

Of course, most young girls didn’t marry into royalty — but being sent off in style was still so important that a wedding could be postponed — or even canceled — if the trousseau was incomplete. In fact, the trousseau was often more expensive than the wedding itself! These carefully prepared family heirlooms and handmade linens that a bride-to-be was expected to bring to her new home became both a bride’s dowry and a reflection of her family’s wealth and status. The finer and fuller the trousseau, the higher the bride’s standing.

 

For everyday French brides, tradition dictated a precise set of essentials — a kind of "starter pack" for married life — known as the Trousseau Twelve. It typically included twelve of each: napkins, tablecloths, dishtowels, bed sheets, nightgowns, and petticoats — all hand-sewn and embroidered with the bride’s new initials. Wealthier families, with live-in seamstresses, might amass hundreds of pieces, sometimes even linens for the servants — and custom dresses and gowns sewn by dressmakers in Paris — of course. Less affluent brides had smaller collections stitched by their own hands or by relatives. Oh là là! — no small task!

 


The Trousseau Twelve: a bride’s essential dozen — from napkins to nightgowns — stitched and stacked to start married life in style.
 

It only makes sense then that preparations for the armoire de mariage or wedding armoire that would store this carefully curated collection throughout a girl’s lifetime also began at birth. As our good friend Toma Clark Haines, The Antiques Diva and an expert on all things French — likes to remind us:

 


The Armoire de Mariage

If the trousseau was the treasure, the armoire de mariage was the treasure chest — a cabinet of dreams where lace, linens, and little bits of love were stacked for a lifetime. These magnificent wedding armoires weren’t mere storage. They stood as symbols of love, prosperity, and the hopes families held for the newlyweds. Handcrafted from fine woods,  their doors bloomed with carvings that carried heartfelt wishes — lovebirds for romance, baskets of flowers for fertility, sheaves of wheat and grapevines for abundance, and even musical instruments for harmony in the home.

 

Neatly folded linens, delicate lace, family heirlooms, and stacks of napkins and tablecloths filled its shelves, always rotated from the bottom up to ensure strict rotation. Even today, across rural France, these armoires stand tall in bedrooms, still sheltering trousseaux begun generations ago.

 

Birds, blooms, vines, and violins — marriage armoires wore their well-wishes on the outside while guarding a bride’s treasures within.

19th Century French Country Louis XV Style Bleached Oak Normandy Wedding Armoire / Item #LO3150 / Lolo French Antiques et More

19th Century Country French Louis XIV Style Bleached Wedding Armoire from Normandy / Item #LO254 / Lolo French Antiques et More
 

A Father's Gift, A Family's Blessing

Customs varied from region to region. In Normandy, it was said that when a daughter was born, her father would fell a tree and set aside the wood, to be crafted into her wedding armoire once she became engaged. Elsewhere in France, fathers built the armoires when their daughters were still young, gifting them during adolescence so the girl could begin filling it with her trousseau. By the 18th century, as craftsmanship flourished, families increasingly commissioned master artisans, whose elaborate carvings transformed these functional wardrobes into heirloom showpieces.

 

In Brittany, the traditions grew even more theatrical. Before the wedding, the bride’s trousseau and armoire de mariage were paraded to her new home in a brightly decorated cart drawn by oxen draped in flowers. Upon arrival, the bride's mother would carefully arrange the trousseau inside, and then — with great ceremony — her father flung open the doors to the admiring gasps of “oohs and ahs” from friends and neighbors. Afterwards, the priest would bless both the marriage armoire and the marriage bed before the two families sat down to dinner together.

 

These rituals weren’t just symbolic — they cemented the armoire’s role as the heart of the new home. To this day, antique armoires de mariage are still found in country houses across France, often guarding stacks of antique linens, some embroidered with initials long faded by time. Each carving, each fold of fabric, whispers a story of love, hope, and generations gone by.

 

Love, Linens & Lasting Traditions

Though most brides today won’t arrive with the trousseau twelve or an oxen-drawn wedding armoire, the spirit of these traditions lives on. Whether it’s heirloom linens passed down from a grandmother, or a treasured armoire repurposed as chic storage in a modern home, these pieces remind us that weddings have always been about more than just the ceremony — they’re about weaving love, family, and tradition into the fabric of everyday life. As Cole and Marissa begin their own chapter, we can’t help but feel they’re adding to that timeless story — with Southern warmth, a dash of French flair, and maybe just a few linens of their own.

 

Here’s to happily ever afters — à la française!


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Mimi Montgomery

When this self-described Francophile is not reading or writing about all things French, she's dreaming up charming new ways to showcase Lolo French Antiques et More or traveling to France with Lolo to buy delightful treasures for their store. Mimi, Lolo, and their French Bulldog, Duke, live in Birmingham, AL.

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