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The French Baguette: The Long and Short of It

A Revolution in Bread

Bread has always been important to the French. For centuries, it was their main food source — their literal staff of life. The famous tale of Marie Antoinette responding to starving peasants with the callous line “Let them eat cake” is questionable, but the hunger and resentment of her subjects was very real. Bread riots, the storming of the Bastille in 1789, and eventually the guillotine for both Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette all sprang from the people’s suffering.

 

Today, bread is no longer the main course, but it’s still a vital part of every French meal. And reigning supreme is the country’s most beloved loaf — the baguette.

 


The baguette — once the literal staff of life — now the most beloved loaf of France.
 

Daily Bread

Take a stroll through any French town or village and you’ll catch a whiff of warm bread drifting from the boulangerie. You’ll also see people queuing for fresh baguettes, nibbling on one as they walk home, or carrying one tucked casually under their arm. Why? Because the baguette is eaten at breakfast, lunch, and dinner.

 

France consumes an estimated 30 million baguettes each day — that’s 320 every second, or about half a baguette per person, per day. Whether split with butter and jam, filled with pâté and cornichons, dunked in café au lait, or toasted for French onion soup, the baguette is as much a French symbol as the beret or Eiffel Tower.

 

 

Slicing into simple French pleasures — a fresh baguette, creamy brie, olives, and a little champagne magic at home.

 

From Baton to Baguette

French bakeries have been making long loaves of bread since at least the mid-eighteenth century, even earlier if you include the very wide and long loaves made during the reign of Louis XIV. But the term baguette,” which simply means wand or baton, wasn't used to refer to this staple of French cuisine until 1920 — when the baguette took on its classic shape. Due to the economic climate after the war, a law was passed that year banning French bakers from working between the hours of 10 p.m. to 4 a.m. This made it very difficult for those huge three to twelve pound round loaves that were popular at the time, to be ready for the morning rush. Thanks to its long thin shape and the introduction of steam ovens to French bakeries, the baguette baked much faster — ensuring plenty of fresh bread when the bakery doors opened each morning. And voilà, the baguette quickly became part of everyday French life.

 

But in France, there’s more to the baguette than it's novel shape — there’s also etiquette. Known playfully as “Baguettiquette”, the do’s and don’ts of buying, carrying, serving, and eating this national treasure are taken seriously. From never tucking one under your arm without its paper sleeve to always tearing (not slicing) pieces by hand at the table, baguette manners are as much a part of French culture as the bread itself.

 

 

Baguettiquette — the do's and don'ts of baguette etiquette.

 

The Law of the Loaf

Ideally, a baguette is crusty on the outside and soft on the inside with the the interior of each slice filled with irregular air pockets. It weighs about a half-pound and is roughly 25.6 inches long, 1.6 to 2.36 inches wide, and 1.18 to 1.97 inches high. But... all baguettes are not created equal. Before 1993, nearly all bread of any kind consumed in France was pain ordinaire, or ordinary bread. Although good, quality varied greatly from one bakery to another. The baguette ordinaire (ordinary or standard baguette) was no exception. Industrial shortcuts crept in — additives were allowed, and sometimes these standard baguettes were (and still are) made in industrial bakeries with "fabricated" dough that would be frozen and then delivered to retail bakeries to be baked on site. Bread made by the retail baker in his or her own bakery was becoming less common. 

 

In 1993, France passed Le Décret Pain (the French Bread Law), setting strict rules that aimed to ensure the baguette maintained its integrity and history. The law outlined exactly what conditions the bread needed to meet in order to carry the title "tradition."

 

 

Baguette de tradition — rustic, hand-formed, and full of flavor — the artisan standard.

 

A Taste of French Tradition

Among the four common types of baguettes ordinaire, moulée (moulded), farinée (floured), and traditionit’s the baguette de tradition that stands apart as the true artisanal loaf. As the name suggests, this delicious bread is made the old-fashioned way, following strict rules that preserve the legacy of French baking. Baguettes de tradition must be made using only four ingredients: wheat flour, water, yeast, and salt; never frozen; hand-formed; and slow-proofed (often 15–20 hours). Less uniform and often a bit thicker — a rustic cousin of the baguette ordinaire — it bakes up darker, crunchier, and more flavorful than the rest. It’s our favorite — especially with French cheeses, and of course, a good French wine!

 

From riots to regulations, this tasty French tradition has journeyed through the royal courts of Versailles into the corner boulangerie — shaping revolutions, inspiring laws, and becoming a daily ritual for millions. The French baguette is more than bread — it’s French history you can hold in your hands. Tear into one and taste French tradition!


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Mimi Montgomery

When this self-described Francophile is not reading or writing about all things French, she's dreaming up charming new ways to showcase Lolo French Antiques et More or traveling to France with Lolo to buy delightful treasures for their store. Mimi, Lolo, and their French Bulldog, Duke, live in Birmingham, AL.

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