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Acanthus: Word of the Week

Ever wonder whether it's a Rococo or Regence? Louis XV or Louis Philippe? A Bergere or Fauteuil? Each week, we will highlight a word, term, or phrase to help identify antique furniture, periods, and styles.

ACANTHUS

a-can -hus [uh-kan-th uh s]

noun |uh-kan-thuh s]

1. Plants. any shrub or herbaceous plant of the genus Acanthus, native to the Mediterranean region but widely cultivated as ornamental plants, having large spiny leaves and spikes of white or purplish flowers.

2. Architecture. a design patterned after the leaves of one of these plants, used especially on the capitals of Corinthian columns.

Origin: 1610-20; New Latin, Latin < Greek kanthos bear's-foot.


Drawing after Giocondo Albertolli, Corinthian Capital, 1798
 

A Leaf with a Legacy

Nature has always been the ultimate muse, and the acanthus leaf is its most enduring cover girl. Considered the most iconic decorative design inspired by nature, this humble Mediterranean plant with bold, spiky lobes and glossy green drama inspired a motif that has crowned Corinthian capitals, French friezes, and gilded furniture for centuries. Instantly recognizable, endlessly reinterpreted, and always in style, the acanthus leaf is similar in appearance to poppy, parsley, and thistle leaves.

 


Colorful massed display of Acanthus mollis leaves
 

From Temples to Timelessness

The Greeks use of the acanthus leaf as a decorative architectural element dates back as early as 500 BC, when lavishly carved acanthus leaves (based on the popular anthemion design in Greek architecture) began appearing on the beautiful capitals of slender and elegant, fluted Corinthian columns. These first carved acanthus leaves, with their sharp points, deeply carved corners, and sharp ridges between the lobes, were clustered together so that their clear shadow lines could easily be seen from a distance. A symbol of eternal life and rebirth, acanthus leaves were perfect for decorating temples and monuments to the gods. Famous examples include the Temple of Zeus in Athens and the Temple of Apollo Epicurius at Bassae in Arcadia, the oldest known use of acanthus in architecture.

 


Temple of Olympian Zeus, Athens — where Corinthian capitals flaunted their leafy finery.
 

Once the Romans began using acanthus leaves in architectural design, the popular motif soon became a featured symbol in a wider range of decorative ornamentation, including capitals, dentils, friezes, and other decorated parts of both Composite and Corinthian order columns. The Romans took the leaf and ran with it, softening the design into naturalistic curls and twists — reflecting their love for art and beauty. Other countries and cultures continued following suit, but there's rarely a time that the acanthus leaf wasn't a significant part of Italian ornamental design.

 


Branching through history: from the curls of Louis XIII to the neoclassical crispness of Louis XVI, each king left his mark on the acanthus leaf.
 

Always in Bloom

France was not to be outdone by the Greek and Romans. From the Gothic cathedrals of the Middle Ages to the resplendent Renaissance, the leafy motif blossomed across stone, artwork, textiles, sculpture, manuscripts, and carved furniture. Becoming particularly popular in the court appointments and furnishings of France's Fab Four — Louis XIII, XIV, XV, and XVI — the ornamental feature found in all four king's styles differed only in the details of the curls and swirls

 

French ébénistes and menuisiers all over France carved the acanthus leaf into their furniture designs, featuring the lovely leaf on the stiles of chairs, the knees of legs, corners of frames, and anywhere else their chisels could reach! The result? A design language that remains the hallmark of classical French style.

 


Vive la Feuille! (Long Live the Leaf)

Whether gilded in Versailles or sketched on a modern wallpaper roll, the acanthus leaf proves one thing — nature never needed a stylist. Centuries later, it's as popular as ever, constantly transforming into new and exciting shapes. Those serrated lobes pop up on products and interiors such as shoes, wallpaper, lighting, designer handbags, votives, vintage jewelry, planters, and wooden bowls to name a few. No wonder it's a symbol of eternal life! The acanthus design never goes out of style!

 

Á Bientôt!

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Mimi Montgomery

When this self-described Francophile is not reading or writing about all things French, she's dreaming up charming new ways to showcase Lolo French Antiques et More or traveling to France with Lolo to buy delightful treasures for their store. Mimi, Lolo, and their French Bulldog, Duke, live in Birmingham, AL.

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